Attraction of phlebotomine sandflies to volatiles from skin odors of individuals residing in an endemic area of tegumentary leishmaniasis.

BACKGROUND: Many studies have investigated what could attract insects of medical importance and a crucial role has lately been attributed to human skin odors. Most of these researches have been concerned with mosquitoes, e.g., vectors of dengue and malaria. Little is known about volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from human skin odors and their effects on leishmania vectors. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to identify the VOCs from human skin that can be attractive to female anthropophilic phlebotomine sandflies. RESULTS: Forty-two VOCs were identified from skin odors of 33 male volunteers, seven of which were tested in wind tunnel assays employing field-captured phlebotomine sandflies (75.4% identified as Lutzomyia intermedia). Hexane and (E)-oct-3-en-1-ol (octenol) were used as negative and positive controls, respectively. 2-Phenylacetaldehyde (hereafter called phenylacetaldehyde), 6-methylhept-5-en-2-one (also known as sulcatone), nonadecane and icosane were found to activate female phlebotomine sandflies, but only phenylacetaldehyde, 6-methylhepten-5-en-2-one and icosane elicited attraction responses. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that phenylacetaldehyde, 6-methylhepten-5-en-2-one and icosane may be suitable candidates for attractiveness experimentation in the field which can be an important tool to develop strategies concerning human beings protection against phlebotomine sandflies bites and consequently against leishmaniasis.

Atração de vetores de leishmaniose tegumentar americana por compostos orgânicos voláteis presentes na pele humana / Attraction of American tegumentary leishmaniasis vectors by volatile organic compounds present on human skin

INTRODUÇÃO. A Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana (LTA) é a forma de leishmaniose com maior incidência em humanos, e no Brasil a maioria dos casos está concentrada nas regiões Norte e Nordeste. O protozoário Leishmania braziliensis é considerado o principal agente etiológico com ocorrência no país e tem como principais vetores os flebotomíneos Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) intermedia e Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) whitmani. Sabe-se que, de modo geral, o olfato é o principal sentido de orientação dos insetos e, assim, foi assumido neste trabalho que esses vetores são atraídos por compostos orgânicos voláteis (COVs) presentes nos odores da pele humana. OBJETIVO. O objetivo geral do projeto foi identificar os COVs presentes na pele humana e avaliar os seus efeitos na atração de vetores de LTA, com a finalidade de desenvolver e aprimorar alternativas para o controle dos mesmos, de modo que estas possam ser baseadas em COVs que mimetizem os odores da pele humana e, portanto, sejam efetivas na captura de flebotomíneos antropofílicos...

INTRODUCTION. American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis (ATL) is the most frequent form of leishmaniasis among humans. In Brazil most of the cases occurs in the North and in the Northeast of the country. Leishmania braziliensis is the main ethilogic agent and its most common vectors are the phlebotomine sand flies Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) intermedia and Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) whitmani. It is known that the olfact is the best developed sense of orientation among insects and thus it was assumed that these vectors are attracted by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from human skin odors. AIM. The aim of this project was to identify the VOCs from human skin and evaluate their effect on the attraction of ATL vectors, aiming to develop and enhance alternatives of its control, in a way that it can be based on VOCs that mimic human skin odors, which can be effective for anthropophilic phlebotomine capture...